The Kerlers - Emigration and Settlement
Johannes "John" Kerler was born August 11, 1800, in
Memmingen, Bavaria.
He lost both parents at a young age and was raised by his step-parents.
John came from generations of wealth and was well-educated. As a young
man, he took over
ownership of an inn and brewery, and later worked as a forester.
In 1821, John married Veronica Herman. To John and Veronica
were born four children: John, Jr. (1823), Edward (1827), Veronica
(1828),
and Louis (1830). John's wife Veronica died 1837. Since she was
instrumental
in the running of the business, running it alone was out of the
question for John, and he felt obligated to sell it for
the sake of their children. Shortly after, John married Veronica's
sister, Regina Sturm, whose husband had died four years earlier. [An interesting fact to note is that
intermarriage – marriage among step relations – was a way of keeping
wealth within the family, and it was practiced by the Kerlers down
through the generations. There is nothing inappropriate with
intermarriage since step siblings are not related by blood, but it can
make a family tree look less like a tree and more like an electrical
circuit diagram.] Regina brought
two step children into the family: John Sturm (1824-1843), and Regina
Sturm (1828). John and Regina had a child of their own, Herman
(1839). John's second wife, Regina, died in 1848.
Also in 1848, tension and violence were mounting in the wake of the German
revolutions of 1848-49. Life in Bavaria was not safe. John
dispatched
his eldest son, John, Jr., to the United States to survey land on
which to settle. While John, Jr. was surveying land in the United
States,
John, Sr. was liquidating his assets in Bavaria and preparing for a
new
life in a new country. John, Jr. first went to Michigan, then came to
Wisconsin and found Milwaukee to be an ideal place on which to settle.
He reported this information back to his father.
In 1849, John, Sr. and the rest of the family – Edward, Veronica,
Louis, Regina, and Herman – left their homeland for the United States.
They took a steam ship to New York where they picked up a hired hand,
Elias Kusher. From New
York, they traveled
to Buffalo and across the Great
Lakes to Milwaukee. In Milwaukee, they rented a room while John, Sr.
and John, Jr. made excursions out
to various farms, looking for property to purchase. They found the kind
of land they were looking for in the Town of Greenfield. John Sr.
purchased 200 acres. The property was bordered by
the then-existing Beloit Road to the north and Cold Spring Road to the
south, and what is now Highway
100 to the west and the I-894 bypass to the east.
The first thing the
Kerlers
did was expand an existing log house on the
north end of property to fit the large family. Then they got to work
erecting buildings.
By the end of the year, the Kerlers had built a stall for two horses, a
50' x 30' barn with a stall underneath large enough to hold 22 head of
cattle, and a 22' x 23' two-story house. The family moved into the new
house in 1850.
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John Kerler's first house, built in 1849.
Neither the fate of the house nor its
location on the farm property are clearly documented, however,
deductive reasoning suggests this house was the one purchased by
Regina Kerler and Henry Frank when they were married in 1853. That would put the approximate location of
the house near what is now 104th & Plainfield. The photo is from
the book "Pionierjahre
der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Familien Frank-Kerler in Wisconsin und
Michigan" published in 1911 by Dr.
Louis Frederick Frank.
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John, Jr., now 26-years-old, went back to Michigan to
work in
the tanning trade. John, Jr. and John, Sr. had a falling-out which led
to a hostile relationship between the two. John, Jr. eventually left
for
the western frontier, working odd jobs and remaining estranged from his
father for the rest of his life. He died in Montana in 1885 at
the age of 62.
Herman was about ten years old when he emigrated with his family. After
four years of schooling, instead of staying to work on the family farm,
Herman
chose to lead a merchant's life. He started working in his
brother-in-law's dry-goods store in Milwaukee, then moved to New
York several years later to land a successful career. He retired in
1894. After
ten years of traveling, Herman died in Los Angeles in 1904.
Sons Louis and Edward stayed to clear the land and work on the farm,
which became quite popular. In an 1850 letter to his cousin in Bavaria,
John Kerler remarked that his farm had become a somewhat famous and
that he and his family were held in high esteem. His farm had so many
visitors (up fifteen neighbors on Sundays) that it was becoming a
burden to entertain them all.
Shortly after settling, John Kerler
recalled a form a "street justice" that took place in the City of
Milwaukee. A man was said to have caused the death of his wife by
leaving her alone and helpless as she was about to deliver a baby.
Since there was no witness to the allegation, the man was freed. A
relative of the deceased showed up at the accused man's house with a
mob. They tarred and feathered him, tied him to a fence rail, and
paraded him around the city. Before letting him go, they dunked him in
the water.
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The family worked the
bottom 160 acres and John rented out the top forty. In 1851, John, gave
42 acres each to Louis and Edward. Edward married Mathilda Kuener and
built a new house, which was approximately located at what is now 3977
S. 104th Street.
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Edwards Kerler's house, built in 1851. The photo is from the book "Pionierjahre
der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Familien Frank-Kerler in Wisconsin und
Michigan" published in 1911 by Dr.
Louis Frederick Frank.
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"There
is also no lack of taverns here in the country. I have three in my
neighborhood, in front, to the back, and at the side..."
- John Kerler, 1850
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In 1852,
Veronica Kerler married August Frank, a businessman, and left the farm
to live
in Milwaukee.
In 1853, Regina Kerler married Henry Frank, August's brother. Henry,
Regina, and Louis bought the southern and eastern 74 acres of their
father John's farm. Shortly after a
lease agreement with a tenant farmer from a nearby property fell
through, John, Sr. turned over the top forty acres to Edward and Louis.
Also in 1853, Louis built his own house, which was located at
approximately what is now 4055 S. 103rd Street.
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Louis Kerler's first house, built in 1853.
Photo supplied by Frank Baldwin.
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John, now living with Regina and Henry, often found himself in the
middle of their newlywed quarrels. Sometimes he would leave for the
night and find a place to stay in town, but found the best solution to
be moving out. Having doled out the last of his farm property, John set
aside
a two-acre plot of
land for himself on which he built a new house in 1854.
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John Kerler's second house, built in 1854.
It's approximate location is believed to be in what is now the backyard
of 4000 S. 104th Street. The fate of the house is not documented.
The photo is from the book "Pionierjahre der
Deutsch-Amerikanischen Familien Frank-Kerler in Wisconsin und Michigan" published in 1911 by Dr. Louis Frederick
Frank.
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A sketched plat of
the
1854 Kerler Farm. Within five years of buying all this
property, John Kerler gave and sold it all away to his sons and
son-in-law, and kept for himself just a two-acre plot. The plat is from
the book "Pionierjahre
der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Familien Frank-Kerler in Wisconsin und
Michigan" published in 1911 by Dr.
Louis Frederick Frank.
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The Kerler/Frank farms
in
1854, superimposed over a present day street map of Greenfield. By
cross-referencing the original land plats with aerial photos,
satellite images, historical data,
photos, and eyewitness accounts, this map was made to be as accurate as
possible.
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Shortly thereafter,
August Frank
bought John's two acre property so that his wife, Veronica, could spend
time away from the city, living on the farm with her father.
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